Pearl Types
Types of Pearls
A Guide by Darpan Mangatrai
Pearls are among nature’s most remarkable creations, formed through time, patience, and precision. While all pearls share an organic origin, their type significantly influences their appearance, rarity, and value. At Darpan Mangatrai, we work with the world’s most respected pearl varieties, each celebrated for its distinct character and elegance.
This guide introduces the four principal types of cultured pearls: Freshwater, Akoya, South Sea, and Tahitian.
Freshwater Pearls
Freshwater pearls are primarily cultivated in lakes and rivers in China. In recent years, advancements in cultivation techniques have significantly improved their quality, resulting in pearls that are cleaner, rounder, and more lustrous.
Defining Characteristics
- Cultivated in freshwater environments such as lakes and rivers
- Noticeable improvement in surface quality and symmetry
- Soft to moderate luster with a refined appearance
- Commonly available in white, cream, peach, and pastel tones
- Typical size range of 5mm to 10mm, with select pearls reaching up to 13mm
Ideal Use
Freshwater pearls are well suited for everyday jewellery, contemporary designs, and layered pieces due to their versatility and wide availability.
Distinction
Owing to large-scale production, Freshwater pearls are appreciated for their accessible price points while still offering elegance and durability.
Akoya Pearls
Akoya pearls are saltwater pearls traditionally cultivated in Japan, with additional production in China and Vietnam. They are considered the classic pearl choice and are known for their refined, uniform appearance.
Defining Characteristics
- Cultivated in saltwater using the Akoya oyster
- Renowned for high, mirror-like luster
- Highly symmetrical, round shapes
- Typically white or cream with rose or silver overtones
- Size range generally between 2mm and 9mm
Ideal Use
Akoya pearls are ideal for traditional pearl necklaces, stud earrings, and formal jewellery that requires precision and classic appeal.
Distinction
Their exceptional luster and consistent roundness make Akoya pearls a benchmark for timeless pearl jewellery.
South Sea Pearls
South Sea pearls are among the rarest and most valuable cultured pearls. They are cultivated in the warm waters of Australia, Indonesia, and the Philippines using the Pinctada maxima oyster.
Defining Characteristics
- The largest cultured pearls available
- Naturally occurring in white, silver, and golden hues
- Soft, deep luster with a luxurious satin finish
- Exceptionally thick nacre for long-lasting beauty
- Typical size range of 8mm to 20mm
Ideal Use
South Sea pearls are best suited for high-end necklaces, statement jewellery, and heirloom-quality pieces.
Distinction
Their rarity, size, and understated elegance position South Sea pearls at the highest tier of luxury pearl jewellery.
Tahitian Pearls
Tahitian pearls are cultivated in the lagoons of French Polynesia and are renowned for their naturally dark and exotic coloration.
Defining Characteristics
- Naturally dark body colors, not dyed
- Overtones include peacock, green, blue, aubergine, and charcoal
- High luster with rich depth of color
- Mostly round to near-round, with baroque forms also valued
- Size range typically between 8mm and 16mm
Ideal Use
Tahitian pearls are ideal for bold, contemporary designs and statement pieces that highlight individuality and contrast.
Distinction
Their naturally occurring dark hues and striking overtones make Tahitian pearls uniquely expressive and highly sought after.
